Philosophy

Timeless inquiries into meaning, ethics and the examined life.

10 books

Ontology

Being and Time

Martin Heidegger · 1927

Heidegger's foundational inquiry into the meaning of being.

phenomenology

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Ethics

Beyond Good and Evil

Friedrich Nietzsche · 1886

Nietzsche's critique of traditional morality and the will to power.

classicmorality

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Existentialism

Existentialism Is a Humanism

Jean-Paul Sartre · 1946

Sartre's accessible defense of existentialism: existence precedes essence.

existentialism

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Stoicism

Meditations

Marcus Aurelius · 180

The private notebook of a Roman emperor on virtue, duty and tranquility.

classicstoicism

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Taoism

Tao Te Ching

Laozi · c. 400 BCE

The foundational text of Taoism on the way and its virtue.

classictaoism

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Ethics of Happiness

The Conquest of Happiness

Bertrand Russell · 1930

Russell's practical philosophy of what makes people unhappy — and happy.

happinessclassic

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Absurdism

The Myth of Sisyphus

Albert Camus · 1942

Camus on the absurd and why one must imagine Sisyphus happy.

absurdismexistentialism

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Political Philosophy

The Republic

Plato · c. 375 BCE

Socrates and friends debate justice and the ideal city-state.

classicjustice

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Feminist Philosophy

The Second Sex

Simone de Beauvoir · 1949

The founding text of modern feminism: one is not born, but becomes, a woman.

feminismclassic

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Existentialism

Thus Spoke Zarathustra

Friedrich Nietzsche · 1883

Nietzsche's poetic philosophy of the Übermensch and the death of God.

classicnietzsche

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